Business Structure and Sustainability

Different organizations manage workforce in different ways. Some value workforce indefinitely while others do not. According to Ford, it is very difficult for top management to treat employees as commodities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Structure and Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He observed how workers were punished when they committed simple mistakes and performed tasks like a machine while they kept silent. This made him comment that â€Å"A great business is really too big to be human†. Though Ford was not pleased by how the employees were working, Green (2008) points that a business as an entity cannot exist without workforce The main feature of personnel management involves coordination within a department as well as collaboration with other units in the organization. Human resource management is a challenging function. Different personnel have different personalities, and they all have to be catered for by the human resource management. It is up to the human resource management to note the difference between the different employees and make use of those abilities for the personal development of the employees and for the development of the organization as well (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). Corporate organizations have different structures that are suited for the management styles of the particular organizations. It is up to management of the organization to determine the organizational structure that would lead to achievement of the mission and vision of the organization, while at the same time ensuring that the human resources are efficiently utilized. The employees of a company should be made to feel that they are appreciated and valued so as to increase their productivity. One of the ways of ensuring this happens is through establishing of clear roles through an effective and well defined organizational structure (Fisher, 2009). Nowadays, busines ses face more challenging tasks since many of them have been set up and are always coming up with new competitive ways so that they can try and stay afloat of the competition in the market. One of the best ways that has been repeatedly used by businesses is the employee retention strategies by human resource departments.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Once the best of employees have been selected from a pool of applicants, organizations must put effort to ensure that they retain those employees and that the employees remain as highly productive as possible (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Establishing the best possible organizational structure, hiring and retaining the best employees should be accompanied by the constant renewal of the values, mission and objective of the organization. Leaders in corporate organizations should make use of management styles such as management by walking around (MBWA) to ensure that the employees on the ground feel valued and to make them feel that leaders are aware of the progress of work and are informed in time of any problems in the organization so that solutions can be found in good time so that focus remains on achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Development and training helps employees to perform their tasks in an effective manner in translating ideas into products. Business Corporations provides a base for provision of essential human quests. Corporate organizations have been providing a better way of acquiring skills and experiences that can be competitively rewarded in the market. Thus, it provides a means through which employees can achieve prosperity beyond their expectations, a role which was majorly played by churches and cultures. Overall, creating a corporation structure that is built on capital and talent increases the indi vidual’s ability to create wealth (Fisher, 2009). Directing and controlling human resources is one of the major tactical tasks in an organization. Human resources in an organization are responsible for making their own congruent decision on all that they see as best for their life. Directing human personnel in an organization should be done in a skillful manner to ensure that the personnel are satisfied to perform their tasks in effective and efficient manner (Galea, 2004). Poor treatment of employees is one of the major reasons that cause some organizations to develop poor reputations. Corporate organizations should strive to achieve high reputation in their line of business so that they can be able to attract the best and highly qualified employees in an organization. The human resource policies that are established in an organization should clearly indicate and be proof of the commitment of the corporate organization to the quality performance of the employees (Fisher, 200 9).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Structure and Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nowadays, business sustainability is a prime factor in the longevity of business organizations. Consumers are more aware and demanding of responsibility and accountability of organizations to the environment. Most scientists have emphasized about the importance of treating the environment in a manner that will not deplete the available natural resources. Corporate organizations are encouraged to promote good use, cleaning up and conversation of the environment. Those organizations that are involved in environmental conversation are able to use the same concept in attracting of consumers (Galea, 2004). Managers should always understand that humans are not machines; hence, they should be handled with a lot of care. Control and directing of the work force should always be accompanied by good communication rela tionship in an organization. The gap between managers and the workforce should always be minimal to enhance better relationship between managers and employees (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Managers should handle employee grievances in an effective manner to ensure that employees are satisfied with the managers’ decision. Any action directed to the employees should be put forth in a proper way to avoid complaints and dissatisfaction by employees. Some managers treat employees as liabilities instead of treating them as valuable assets as they really are. When employees are treated in a humane way, they feel more confident when they approach employers. Such an environment can inspire motivation and creativity which is critical in the organizations (Galea, 2004). The long term success of organizations is dependent on decisions that managers make in regard to the organizational structure, the mission of the company, the human resources of the organization and the ma nagement style used by the manager. A lot of time should be spent on the organization and the relevant tools that are needed in running the organization so that it survives in the long run and not just in the short term (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Different leadership models affect the organizations success in different ways. Managers should always use different leadership styles which could enhance organization success. Human effort to control institutions should be made through decision making and giving room for challenges. Employees do not fixed thoughts and emotions that guide them, but they should be treated in different ways because that is one of the ways of increasing their productivity at the workplace and increasing their morale (Holden, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Large numbers of leading organizations in Japan, China, US and Europe have had an increasing commitment to the future growth and sustainability. They have been launching different programs to enhance social and environmental performance of their products facilities, processes and services (Holden, 2007). One of the greatest challenges facing the companies is the way of tracking their progress and communicating it to the employees and other business stakeholders. Opportunities for growth are coming up indefinitely. Future business sustainability depends on how business leaders will use the necessary information available to them in anticipating for the future growth and sustainability (Galea, 2004). For businesses to remain competitive in the global market, they should come up with strategies that put them on top or afloat of the existing competition in the market. Businesses should also ensure that the strategies that they come up with are solid so that they are sustainable in the l ong run and they lead to long term success and presence in the market. Successful businesses recognize that the strategies or tact that they come up with reflects on their integrity and therefore, determines the kind of consumers that they attract and or retain (Holden, 2007). Organizations should acquire the skills and tact of experienced managers who are ready to work hands on to ensure long term goals are achieved and that the missions and objectives of the organization are implemented in a manner that promotes long term sustainability of the organization (Holden, 2007). Most business leaders lack the foresight to anticipate the future making it difficult for them to develop future organizational strategy to solve the adverse changes in market demand. Addressing the future market demand has been a great challenge to the business leaders in developing their strategies for the long term business sustainability and future growth due to the increased emergence of new entrants in the market which could pose a threat to the business (Galea, 2004). Customers have also become more rational than before, thus, sustaining the market share in the market becomes a great challenge to the business. New entrants compete extensively with market leaders by offering products at reduced prices to attract potential customers. This action has resulted in unpredictable changing profits for businesses. Some companies have had their post tax profits decrease below an average estimated rate. Environmental pressure and global change in population has posed threat to the business leader’s success in sustainability. These pose organizational challenges that leaders should tackle for organizational success to be achieved (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). Leaders require clarity in articulating the vision and making a clear picture for the future. The right amount of capital should also be made available to leaders so that they can carry out the necessary organizational objectives that are necessary for the organization to run and achieve long term sustainability (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). Business leaders are therefore, required to lead their business with confidence and have courage in taking a stand. Different environment variables should be expected and prepared for. For example, Motorola Company has been experiencing global changes challenge. The company has however been trying to remain competitive in the industry through provision of new innovative equipment as a technology company. Good business leadership is one of the most important factors that are necessary for an organization to remain in the market even when the competition gets very stiff. An effective leader in an organization should ensure that he or she motivates the employees to raise their morale and positively impact their productivity (Philip, 2010). Future growth and sustainable growth depends on organizational leaders’ ability to anticipate changes, embrace social responsibility, de monstrate leadership and exercising and use of their talent power to the maximum. In terms of corporate social responsibility, corporate organizations’ leaders should organize events that portray the organizations as being responsible and accountable of the contribution of the environment to their performance (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). For example, companies could organize to have tree planting events in areas that have been identified as prime for tree planting by the government. The organization could also pay company participation fees for employees to take part in marathons that have a theme that helps members of the community such as heart and eye surgeries for those that can afford the surgeries in the community (Nurdin, 2008). Business environments have changed to being global. More networking and cross culture leaders and employees are present in markets. Leaders in corporate organizations should indeed look for the best ways of encouraging the workforce in a collabo rative and creative manner. An environmental impact makes it difficult for the business market demand to be sustained, hence, the organization should ensure that it uses the correct skills and talent to help translate new demand forces to skills requirement. If the talent becomes more competitive, it becomes difficult for the business to retain the potential people in the organization. Therefore, organizations should maintain high levels and standards of performance so that they remain competitive to employees (Tittel, 2000). Funds are needed in organizations for many functions including the financing of initiatives and projects training of employees. This requires transferring investment funds to construct a road for knowledge and management skills. An increase in the rate of baby boomers exiting the workforce impacts the business talent pool. The business leaders should ensure that they maintain the organizational talent to enhance business growth and sustainability in future (Wil lard Hitchcock, 2006). Business leaders have been cited as not working extra mile in sustaining the top performing employees thus, having difficult in building the competitive strategy which would enhance the organizations existence in the market. Raymond, (2010) argued that innovation is very crucial in an organization as it equips employees with new ideas which are very crucial for successful business growth. To some leaders measuring sustainability performance in relation to the business process has been a big issue in determining the path that should be taken for the success of their organizations. It is necessary for business leaders to have sustainability performance measurement methods which could help them determine their business performance and level of sustainability. Business leaders and mangers can use performance results to make changes to the organization strategic plans to ensure sustainable performance is achieved in an organization (Raymond, 2010). Corporate organ izations’ leaders have the challenging task of being on the lead in promoting sustainable use of resources in the environment by reducing waste and pollution to the environment. Employees that are hired should be aware of sustainability not just in environmental perspective but also in economic and social fields. If and when employees understand and appreciate the vision of an organization, they are more likely to be committed to the achievement of that organizational objective. Organizational structures that are established and implemented should reflect the need and objective of the organization to stay in the market in the long run. References Fisher, D. (2009). Corporate sustainability planning assessment guide: a comprehensive organizational assessment. Washington DC: American Society for quality press. Florence, S, Henderson, S D’Amato, A. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business: A Guide to Their Leadership Tasks and Functions. New York, NY: Center for Creative Leadership Galea, C. (2004).Teaching Business Sustainability: From theory to practice. London: Greenleaf publishing. Green, C. (2008).Entrepreneurship: Ideas in Action. London: Cengage learning. Holden, E. (2007). Achieving sustainable mobility: everyday and leisure-time travel in the EU. Canada: Ashgate publishing. Nurdin, G. (2008). International business control, reporting and corporate governance. Oxford: Elsevier. Philip, S. (2010). Sustainable Growth in a Post-Scarcity World: Consumption, Demand, and the.Canada: Gower publishing ltd. Raymond, W, Y (2010). Sustainable economy: corporate, social and environmental responsibility. London: World scientific publishing company. Tittel, P. (2000). Ethical issues in business: inquiries, cases, and readings. Canada: Broadview press. Willard, L Hitchcock, D. (2006).The business guide to sustainability: practical strategies and tools for Organizations. London: Earthscan publishers. This essay on Business Structure and Sustainability was written and submitted by user Kody D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Diversity

Useless Lectures On Wednesday, April 3, a â€Å"Diversity Enlightenment Session† held in the Cardinal Lounge was presented by the Director of the Center for Diversity, Pluralism and Inclusion (CDPI), J.W. Wiley. As Wiley said, the Center’s goal is to inform people that diversity is all around them, and that diversity affects everyone. In order to do this, Wiley went over some ten exercises. These exercises included titles such as â€Å"thought exercise, diversity and you, diversity experiences, toleration scale, and privilege.† Even though the objective of the workshop was to raise awareness of diversity, and to increase the attendee’s comfort with differences around them, comfort was anything but present. Wiley proceeded to lecture on the subject rather than present the interactive workshop he intended. CDPI’s mission is to get people to â€Å"Acknowledge your level of sophistication about diversity, and realize that you will never be as sophisticated about diversity as you would tike to be!† Along with â€Å"At minimum, seek exposure; at a maximum, attempt to immerse yourself in environments that are outside the comfort zone in which you have been socialized.† And finally to, â€Å"Constantly remind you that diversity involves you.† Comfort was a large focus by Wiley during the presentation. Most college students are aware of the number different races and cultural backgrounds here at Plattsburgh State University. The problem with the workshop was that it felt like a lecture. Even though Mr. Wiley came off as a charismatic and enthusiastic speaker, he almost made his audience feel as they were being drilled. The possible reason for this feeling was the constant use of the word â€Å"you.† For example, he would say things like â€Å"You need to realize your surroundings, which is something I don’t think you do.† This thereby suggests that he was trying to tell us what we did and did not know. Sentence after sentence ... Free Essays on Diversity Free Essays on Diversity Diversity is what we chose to analyze based on the desire to understand an inclusive environment and be able to incorporate this into our companies. This paper will describe diversity and it’s importance to the workplace environment. We plan on describing how a company should evolve into an inclusive environment. We will analyze three different companies and discuss the importance of diversity in these organizations. We then will create a diversity benchmark for corporations to incorporate into their policies. Defining Diversity Diversity is defined as â€Å"describing human qualities such as race, gender, and ethnicity that are different from our own and outside the groups to which we belong† (Gibson, pg. 477). Diversity is important to companies because with a diverse environment people can benefit and learn from others’ ideas. Other reasons for the importance of diversity to many organizations are the recognition of differences as prerequisites for high performance and continuous improvement, enhancing the effectiveness and creativity of the organization, and valuing conflicts as opportunities for more effective decision-making and problem solving (CIGNA’s seminar). Diversity has a major impact on our behaviors and the decision making process. The success of individuals in the organization and the organization as a whole is effected by these decisions and behaviors (CIGNA’s seminar). Our cultural values and beliefs influence our way of doing things. For example, if I strongly believe in women’s rights then I am going to potentially hire more women and take their viewpoints into higher consideration. The Importance of Diversity With society integrating so many different cultures into one working melting pot, we need to take into consideration these differences and understand how they will all work together. â€Å"As in any relationship, the key to its strength is mutual understanding, facilitated by ... Free Essays on Diversity Useless Lectures On Wednesday, April 3, a â€Å"Diversity Enlightenment Session† held in the Cardinal Lounge was presented by the Director of the Center for Diversity, Pluralism and Inclusion (CDPI), J.W. Wiley. As Wiley said, the Center’s goal is to inform people that diversity is all around them, and that diversity affects everyone. In order to do this, Wiley went over some ten exercises. These exercises included titles such as â€Å"thought exercise, diversity and you, diversity experiences, toleration scale, and privilege.† Even though the objective of the workshop was to raise awareness of diversity, and to increase the attendee’s comfort with differences around them, comfort was anything but present. Wiley proceeded to lecture on the subject rather than present the interactive workshop he intended. CDPI’s mission is to get people to â€Å"Acknowledge your level of sophistication about diversity, and realize that you will never be as sophisticated about diversity as you would tike to be!† Along with â€Å"At minimum, seek exposure; at a maximum, attempt to immerse yourself in environments that are outside the comfort zone in which you have been socialized.† And finally to, â€Å"Constantly remind you that diversity involves you.† Comfort was a large focus by Wiley during the presentation. Most college students are aware of the number different races and cultural backgrounds here at Plattsburgh State University. The problem with the workshop was that it felt like a lecture. Even though Mr. Wiley came off as a charismatic and enthusiastic speaker, he almost made his audience feel as they were being drilled. The possible reason for this feeling was the constant use of the word â€Å"you.† For example, he would say things like â€Å"You need to realize your surroundings, which is something I don’t think you do.† This thereby suggests that he was trying to tell us what we did and did not know. Sentence after sentence ... Free Essays on Diversity Diversity in the workplace is becoming one of business’ top management strategies. Many businesses recognize that their ability to tap the skills and insights of increasingly diverse workforce play an integral role in their ability to compete successfully in the today’s global economy. They recognize that diverse employees possess cultural competencies, for example, language skills and cross-cultural expertise. Diversity increases companies’ competitive advantage by enabling them to broaden their consumer base, compete in the global marketplace successfully, and hire from an expanded labor force. Diversity in the workplace means creating a comprehensive environment utilizing the contributions of people from different backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. Diversity can relate to difference in gender, age, language, cultural background, sexual orientation and religious belief. Diversity also refers to difference in other respects such as educational level, work experience, personality, or even marital status. Diversity seeks to capitalize on the variety of talents and skills of all personal. The potential benefits of diversity can be realized by business whether small, medium or large in size. To capitalize on diversity, all that an organization needs to do is engage the diverse range of skills and talents into their workforce to maximize productivity and innovation, and to gain a competitive advantage in their business market. Companies can recruit and hire employees to create a diverse work force. Managers can build teams with diversity. However, organization cannot thrive on diversity if employees do not know how to communicate with one another. The followings are the tips for manager who is about to take on a diverse workgroup. Learn about others’ cultures – While something is very common in one culture but for the other culture is unacceptable. Manager must learn about his or her colleagues’ cultures in orde...

Problem statement Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Problem statement - Research Proposal Example Globalization continues to be an important phenomenon that drives the very basis upon which the modern economic climate functions (Kolsaker and Lee-Kelley, 2008). Meanwhile, the whole idea of globalization has been found to be an unfeasibility in the absence of a well harmonized network security (Kirschner, Buckingham and Carr, 2002). But often as companies try to take advantage of globalization and for that matter network security, the problem of cyber crime draws their aspirations back. Lately, the public perception associated with the embracement of electronic commerce has dwindled drastic because of how insecurity network security has become (Layton, 2007). Current research shows that as much as the problem of cyber crime continues to unfold in various types of data theft for the operation and regularization of electronic commerce, the interest of the public to be involved in electronic commerce continues to go down (Peltier, 2001). Consequently, companies and other corporate bodies that rely on the services of computer networking through electronic commerce become the losers due to growing incidence of computer insecurity (Hung, Chang and Yu, 2006). The current research that the problem seeks to address has to do with the impact of data and information insecurity through cyber insecurity on electronic commer ce. Hung, S.-Y., Chang, C.-M. & Yu, T.-J. (2006). Determinants of user acceptance of the e-Government services: The case of online tax filing and payment system, Government Information Quarterly, 23(3), pp. 97–122. Lin, F., Fofanah, S.S. & Liang, D. (2011). Assessing citizen adoption of e-Government initiatives in Gambia: A validation of the technology acceptance model in information systems success, Government Information Quarterly, 28(2), pp.

Evaluate the strengths and limitations of Employee Voice Practices for Essay

Evaluate the strengths and limitations of Employee Voice Practices for employees - Essay Example voice practices benefit employees by turning them into equal participants of the major organizational processes, letting them express their views and impact firms’ profitability and, eventually, turning them into essential drivers of organizational growth. However, the most important limitations of employee voice practices should not be disregarded. If not delivered properly, employee voice may lead to serious shifts in status quo which may not benefit employees. Many employees have the fear of such changes and, consequently, try to avoid the use of their legitimate voice in business practices. Therefore, one of the basic tasks faced by managers in organizations is to develop and run employee voice processes in ways that do not inhibit the employee’s right for self-expression and influence on organizational performance and, simultaneously, do not turn employee voice practices into a punishment for the things employees usually want to say. In order to understand how employee voice practices benefit or damage employee positions in companies, the exact meaning of employee voice needs to be understood. This is not an easy endeavor since the meanings and implications of employee voice are numerous, and different companies handle employee voice approaches in entirely different ways (Dyne, Ang & Botero 2003). However, across these numerous meanings, employee voice is generally assumed to be a motivation and willingness of employees to express their information, ideas and opinions regarding workplace improvements (Dyne, Ang & Botero 2003). Yet, it should be noted that if the worker does not express any opinions or does not try to impact workplace-related processes, that does not mean that this employee exists in the atmosphere of silence. In many instances, employees who withhold from expressing their opinions and thoughts openly simply use their voice in a different manner. Employee voice practices may be of a different nature and may also promote different forms of

Effect of Compost on White Button Mushrooms

Effect of Compost on White Button Mushrooms ElisaBeth Shrom General Mushroom Information and Life Cycle A mushroom’s scientific name is Agaricus campestris. Mushrooms have been known for thousands of years as a food, medicine, and even to create â€Å"spiritual visions† (i.e. â€Å"magic mushrooms†) This mysterious organism, often thrown into the same category as plants, is actually another species altogether. An entire underground world remains unseen to the human eye, yet has the unbelievable power to change the world, one ecosystem at a time. Mushroom production begins in spores or â€Å"seeds,† (not the technical term,) are released from the gills of the mushroom underneath the cap. However, the mushrooms visible above ground are not the whole fungi; they are merely the fruiting bodies of an underground organism called fungi mycelium. Similar to vegetables like corn or potatoes, these fruiting bodies â€Å"fruit† slowly. When mushrooms fruit under the right conditions at the most beneficial site, they will produce there year after year. â€Å"It’s the reverse of photosynthesis. Mushrooms take in carbon and consume oxygen, while plants consume carbon dioxide, and create carbon and oxygen.† (Paul Stamets, founder of Fungi of Olympia, Wash. and author of six books on mushroom culture) Due to mushroom’s many benefits, this fungi is the only one humans cultivate intentionally. It is important to not assume a mushroom is healthy to consume from the wild, because many mushrooms are poisonous and it is difficult to tell poisonous types from others. When they are safe to eat, mushrooms play a huge role in keeping the human immune system healthy. Mushrooms are a simple addition to any household and require little work to produce a large quantity of a delicious ingredient for dinnertime. The major components to control while growing mushrooms at home are humidity and temperature. They thrive when the temperature starts at a humid 70 ° while the mycelium grows, then stays humid and around 55 ° and 60 ° F. Loose or bottled spawn or ready-to-go mushroom kits can be purchased from catalog companies to simplify and quicken the at home growth process. They come infused with the required nutrients and soil in a box, simply instructing the user to keep the topsoil moisturized and to store the box in a humid section Companies that produce huge amounts of mushrooms use marker assisted selection, an improved type of selection paired alongside classical mushroom breeding techniques. Other methods of increasing mycelium fungi production are being explored and implemented to modify and transform series of mushroom strains. Genetic transformation allows possibilities of genetic integration from efficient DNA traits of other strains or species to express themselves in one quality product. Mycelium Mycelium are thin, white, thread-like â€Å"roots† of fungi that must develop fully before any fruiting bodies become visible aboveground. Mycelia communicate signals from plant to plant. For example, it might send a chemical signal that a tree is sick that causes other trees nearby to build up their immune systems and avoid the same sickness. The largest known organism in the world is a 2,400 acre mycelium growth in Oregon, US. It is not unusual for a mycelium organism to stretch for miles under forests. Mushrooms are not the only ones with mycelium. In fact, most fungi grow with mycelium. Common household fungal systems recognizable to most are easily visible mycelia that provide an example for mushroom’s underground mycelium. Mycelia grows faster where there are less nutrients to search for a site rich in food. It grows slowly where its food is abundant so that it can extract the materials needed to stay alive. The explanation for mushrooms growing in â€Å"fairy rings† lies with mycelia. It grows in a donut ring shape, rather than a pie shaped, leaving an area drained of supplies to branch outward into new regions. â€Å" mushroom mycelium is hungry. It wants to run.† (Paul Stamets) The organism expands as spores germinate and produce hypha (aka, germ tube), which are similar to branches of a tree, except they are microscopic and grow outwards from other hypha. Hypha increase in growth only lengthwise the width stays around one one-hundredths of a millimetre around. They cross-connect, intertwining, which helps transport nutrients to where they need to be. Lots of hyphae grow in bundles, or mycelial cords and each species of fungi has a different type of branching pattern. In order to produce fertile mycelium, a network of cells with two nuclei fused in the cell and two spore mating types each are required. Meiosis of these non-sister cells produces a heterokaryotic mycelia. Single spore cultures can also produce mushrooms as long as one single spore â€Å"seed† has two mating types. In the big picture, mycelium restores the environment and neutralizes toxins with it’s natural digestion of nutrients. Some mushroom’s mycelia can digest recalcitrant bonds (bonds that are resistant to the breakdown of a substance into smaller, less toxic molecular bonds.) They can separate bonds in human-produced pollutants to keep the entire ecosystem thriving. Mycelia is able to transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from oil wastes or coal tar into food for itself. All types of fungi do this by releasing enzymes into the soil or surrounding area to break down polymers and absorb simple sugars from the waste into their hyphal walls. Mushrooms Breakdown Toxic Materials The discovery of mushrooms’ distinct ability to break down harmful toxins and pollutants has and will continue to benefit the environment. The fact that humans can play a huge role in creating a healthier ecosystem by treating toxics with mycelium has almost unlimited benefits. In 2003, the gas stations â€Å"Chevron† and â€Å"Texaco† were reported by over thirty-thousand angry Ecuadorians to dump eighteen and a half billion gallons of toxic waste into pits in Ecuador. This damaging act of spillage resulted in the flow of harmful poison into residents water systems, and injuring the environment in more ways than one. Research projects have been conducted on many sites to conclude how the disintegration of toxins is not unlike that of other materials. Fungi secrete enzymes that break down toxins in the same way they split wood and straw’s chemical bonds. In one project, two piles of toxic soils near an oil pit were treated with different substances. After a year, the soil with mycelium and substrate had invited worms and bugs to help restore the soil. There were no signs of crude, and the toxins had been completely neutralized. The pile that had not been treated with mycelium fungi was still very toxic, and had a crude odor and felt oily to the touch. This mycelium method proves effective on large scale oil spills from companies, and is a cheaper, more ideal answer to fuel wastes in backyards or farms. The conversion of waste to mushroom development, or mycoremediation, causes hundreds of environmental and community improvements to open up. Food is provided, jobs are created, family incomes are enhanced, the burning of waste is cut back. This helps lower air pollution, lessen forest fire danger, manage environmental cleanup, protect the mushrooms, and create opportunities to effectuate mushroom substrate for compost and bioremediation. Paul Stamets meant when he said, â€Å"Fungi govern the decomposition cycles, and make it possible for natural biological systems to operate. They are tremendous allies for the health of people and the planet.† Another huge use for fungi is to turn mushrooms themselves into a substrate for other plants. Mushroom substrates replenish humus and organic matter by cutting carbohydrates in the soil in half in as short a period as one week. Mushroom compost farms are helpful for the plant the mushroom substrate will be treating. It also helps in creating an outlet for the waste disposal of the materials put inside this nutritious plant formula. More productive composts are being searched for to mix substances in a substrate to support plant growth, eliminate toxins, and keep fungi surviving. The White Button Mushroom In the United States as of 2010, 90 percent of mushrooms consumed were white button mushrooms. They are simple to grow at home, and provide several important health benefits to the human body. White button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, are valuable medicinally, but are mostly known as â€Å"portobello† and used as a soup ingredient, pizza topping, or other consumption delectable. A study on an animal-model and cell-structure experiment at Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University concluded that white button mushrooms support natural killer cells. The researchers found that these particular mushrooms produce many antiviral proteins and other helpful enzymes that can repair or protect tissue. They also found that white button mushrooms dendritic (transport functioning) cells to mature from bone marrow. The dendritic cells synthesize T cells, which are white blood cells that recognize other foreign materials and transport the materials from the pathogens to defense system cells. Here, the immune system cells are activated by an enzyme and begin defending against pathogens. This defense function will, when successful, defend against diseases like the La France disease that attacks white button mushrooms, and sneak-attacks the mycelium without any surfacely visible symptoms. Ideal Growth Mediums for Mushrooms New and improved cultivation techniques and the improvement of composting have been able to increase the available cultivation area of mushrooms. As more and more mushroom farms experiment, each type of mushroom’s food has been discovered and brought to its greatest potential as a nutrient. The best types of nutrients required for mushroom growth include many of the same things plants, animals, and humans need as fuel like sugars, starches, cellulose, lignan, and nitrogen. To prepare mushroom spawn before it starts to grow mycelia, grain or non-waste plants are excellent sources. Straw, sawdust, and other mixtures in a compost make good alternatives, though. A diet of horse manure and straw mixed in with the soil site for growth provides the exact nutrients mushrooms need. This method is proved to work best if the compost is first turned three or four times for a week before it is used. Another compost method involves corncobs, straw, water, leaf mold, tankage, granite dust, rotted compost, and sand combined into a multi-ingredient compost for mushroom growth. These organic materials all work perfectly, and mostly every natural material that would be found rotting into the ground is useful to provide necessary nutrients. Chopped hay, chicken, bullocks, and horse manure, cereal straw, elephant grass, or sawdust will also provide enough nurture for the organism. Fermented horse manure and chopped tobacco stems are the fastest growing substrate for Agaricus bisporus spawn. Over one hundred fifty types of waste have been tested to grow mushrooms. Depending on the type of fungi, obviously different types of compost will create more health and growth opportunities, but mushrooms will only survive where their conditions for life are met.

Alcohol and its Effects Essay -- essays research papers

Alcohol and its Effects   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol is a substance that has become a part of the social settings in today’s world. Many people can say they have drunk alcohol and most can even remember their first sip of beer. Whether it was given to us by our parents or at a social engagement, everyone has encountered alcohol in their lives. But as responsible people, have we ever stopped to realize that we are taking a drug in to our system that is both harmful and addictive? Alcohol affects a wide range of digestive-system disorders such as inflammation of pancreas and cirrhosis of the liver. The central and peripheral nervous systems can be permanently damaged causing blackouts, hallucinations, and extreme tremor may occur. As if the there was not enough effects from alcohol, vitamin deficiency is also one of the major effects cause by alcohol causing folate and thiamine deficiencies. Though there are a variety of drinking patterns and the range of injuries among alcohol abusers, some are mild an d can recover on their own with the right tools and techniques. Others are critical and need hospitalization and prolong rehabilitation with custodian supervision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ten percent of the adult drinkers in the United States are considered alcoholics or at least they experience drinking problems to some degree. There is about 5% of ethyl alcohol in a beer, 7-14% in table wine, 20% in fortified wind such as Sherry, and 40% in distilled spirits a...

How Does the Writer of This Text Use Language and Grammar?

How does the writer of this text use language and grammar to shape the readers response? The author uses jargon, puns and compound sentences to shape his readers response. This is done by paying attention to his audience which is the readers of the Metro, which are public transport users. Also to his purpose which is to entertain his audience. Puns are used to give a light-hearted effect to entertain his audience. This is evident where the author says â€Å"A new musical talent spreads his wings†.This provides entertainment to his readers in the form of comedy. Additionally the words he uses acts as a metaphor, yet in this case the phrase is quite literal as he is talking about a fly. This quite an effective pun. The use of puns provides amusement to his audience and by placing this pun at the beginning of this article it makes the reader intrigued to read on. Furthermore puns are used throughout the article to keep the reader engaged. Jargon is used also as a way to present h is readers with photography knowledge.He uses a quote from the photographer which says â€Å"†¦to give a refreshing view on insect marco-photography†. By using this the author gives the public a small insight to what technology goes into taking these photos. This uses of jargon also presents another purpose as it shows the photographer of these fly photos to be a professional within this business. Also that it makes it easier for people who know about the subject to follow, as specialized terms can be used without losing information.This is useful as he has a very wide audience and some may understand these terms. The use of compound sentences adds more detail and information. The author says â€Å"Nearly all the photographs of Mr Fly, whose first name was Gerald, were taken in Mr Hendrickx’s bedroom, using mostly natural light and a small eight megapixel camera. † By saying this the author adds more richness to the sentence and therefore by doing so adds m ore information to his readers.By adding more information the author can entertain his audience which are on the public transport on their journeys. Furthermore that by using compound sentences it is more effective in creating a balance between two important pieces of information, thereby leaving the reader with a better understanding of the article. To conclude by using all this techniques the author of the text can keep his audience engaged and entertained while reading his article and furthermore provide them with information which they may not of known prior.